Introduction, General Principles and Classification
- General Classification of Transformers: Transformer Construction, Core-Type, Shell-Type, Dry-type Transformers, Oil-filled Transformers, Cooling Techniques
- Transformer Windings, Interconnection of Windings, Advantages and Disadvantages of Principal Connections. Tertiary Windings, Autotransformers
- Harmonics in Transformers, Parallel Operation of Transformers, Loadings of Transformers in Parallel, Paralleling Requirements, Polarity
- Standards for Transformers, Types and Requirements
- Transformer Tapping’s and Connections
- Ability to withstand Short Circuit, Sound Level
- Case studies and workshop discussion
Transformer Constructional Details
- Transformer Oil, Characteristics, Oil Oxidation, Breakdown Voltage, Water Content, Acidity, Oil Testing, Field Oil Testing, Dissolved Gas Analysis, Treatment and Filtering of Oil
- Effect of Oil Expansion, Breathing Action, Buchholz Relay, Explosion Vents
- Instrument Transformers
- Transformers for Industrial Applications: Electro-chemical, Arc and Induction Furnaces, Rectifier Transformers, High Voltage Testing Transformers, Precipitator Transformers, Dry Type Transformers
- Construction And Details, Transformer Cooling, Natural Cooling, Forced Cooling
Transformer Features and Thermal Performance
- Thermal performance and Cyclic Rating of Transformers. Temperature indicators and alarms
- Transformer Impedance, Electromagnetic Forces
- Transformer Construction: Cores, Assembly
- Transformer Windings Construction: Coil Types, Disc Coils, Cross-over Coils, Concentric Coils, Sandwich Coils, Transpositions
- Transformer Tanks and Radiators, Tank Losses, Paint Treatments
- Transformer Fittings: Lifting Lugs, Undercarriages, Jacking Pads, Tie-Down Lugs, Bleed Pipes, Thermometers
Transformer Operation and Maintenance
- Distribution Voltage Adjustment, Off-Load Tap Changing, On-Load Tap Changing
- Switching of high voltage underground cables supplying Distribution Transformers
- Earthing and Over-Current Protection of Distribution Transformers
- Transformer Maintenance: Oil p reservation , Deterioration of oil, Breathers, Condition Monitoring, Faults in Transformers, Tapping’s and Windings
- Advanced Transformer Maintenance
- Guidelines on how to care for your Distribution Transformer
Transformer Testing
- Transformer Routine Tests, Measurement of winding resistance
- Measurement of voltage ratio
- Measurement of impedance voltage short-circuit impedance and load loss
- Measurement of No-load loss and current
- Insulation resistance, Harmonics testing
- Separate-source power-frequency voltage withstand test
- Induced overvoltage withstand test
- Transformer Type Tests
- Temperature rise test, Lightning impulse test
- Sound level, Special Tests: Transformer Partial Discharge testing
- Accuracy and Interpretation of test results and of test reports