● Broadband Networks 

● B-ISDN, ATM, and SONET/SDH 

● Optical Networks 

●Fiber Optic Fundamentals 

● Access, Metro, Long Hual Networks     

●SONET/SDH Overview 

● Overview, Architectures and Services 

●SONET/SDH in Cable Television & Broadcast Networks 

●SONET/SDH in Enterprise Networks & LANs 

● Convergence of Services 

● Overview of SONET/SDH Structure & Formats 

● Overview of SONET/SDH Products & Features 

● Overview of SONET/SDH Networking 

● Introduction to Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM)

 Overview of Fiber Optics Communications 

● Fiber Optic Transmission 

● Optical Fibers Structure 

● Optical Amplifiers 

●Light Sources and Transmitters 

● Photodiodes and Receivers 

● Optical Communication Systems 

● Optical Components

SONET/SDH Architectures & Services

● Evolving CPE/ILEC/IXCs Infrastructure & Services 

● Inter-Office & Core 

●Networking with SONET/SDH 

● SONET/SDH in the Feeder Section 

● Loop 

●Section & the Last Mile 

● ADSL (Twisted Pair) 

● HFC (Coax)

●FITL/FTTC/FTTH/FTTD (Fiber) 

● Strategies for DWDM & SONET/SDH in the 21st Century

 What are the Benefits of SONET/SDH?

● Pointers, MUX/ DEMUX 

● Reduced Back-to-Back Multiplexing 

● Optical Interconnect 

● Multipoint Configurations 

● Convergence, ATM, Video, and SONE/SDH 

● Grooming 

● Reduced Cabling and Elimination of DSX Panels 

●Enhanced OAM&P 

● Enhanced Performance Monitoring

STM-1 Building Block ● STM-1 Frame Structure ● STM-1 Envelope Capacity ●Synchronous Payload Envelope ● STM-N Frame Structure ● Overheads ●Section Overhead Line ● Overhead ● STM Path Overhead ● VC Path Overhead ● Pointers ● VC Mappings ● Concatenated Payloads ● Payload Pointers ● Positive Stuffing ● Negative Stuffing ● Virtual Tributaries ● DS1 Visibility ● VC 

Superframe and Envelope Capacity ● VC Payload Capacity ●SDH Multiplexing

SONET/SDH Payloads

Digital and Analog Transmission Standards ● Digital Hierarchy ● Origin of SONET/SDH ● Why SONET/SDH? Why DWDM and WDM? ● SONET/SDH Signal Format ● STS/OC ● STS-1 Frame ● SONET Payload Pointers ● STS-3 SPE ● STS-48 SPE ● Virtual Tributaries

SONET Synchronization and Timing

Straturn Clock ● Plesiochronous Clock ● Overview of BITS

SONET/SDH Network Architecture

Technical Advantages ● Redundancy ● Layers & Functions ● Network Path, Line, and Section ● Multiplexing Frame Structures/Formats ● Ring Configurations (Terminals, Drops, Inserts) ● Network Synchronization (Timing, Modes, Pointers, Issues) ● Applications & Services

 SONET/SDH Network Elements

Terminal Multiplexer ● Regenerator ● Add/Drop Multiplexer ● Digital Cross-Connects ● Digital Loop Carrier ● Protection and Survivability ● SONET Rings● Element Managers

SONET/SDH Network Topologies and Configurations

Point-to-Point ● Point-to-Multipoint ● Hub Architecture ● Ring Architecture

Engineering a SONET/SDH and DWDM Link ● What are the Factors? ●Amplifier Power ● Amplifier spacing ● Fiber Types ● Channel Count and Bit Rate ● Channel Bit Rate ● Dispersion and Polarization ● Non-Linear Effects

Managing SONET/SDH Networks and Services 

Customer and Carrier Advantages ● OAM&P ● Multi-Vendor Interoperability and Management ● Routing ● Event Management ● Performance Management ● Integrated SONET/SDH Management ● Standards for Network and Service Management ● SONET Rings ● SONET/SDH Services

Introduction to DWDM

Optical Networking and DWDM ● Optical Network Breakthroughs ● Special Fibers ● S, C and L Bands ● Optical Components ● Optical Spectral Filters and Gratings ● Optical Demultiplexers ● The Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA) ● The Tunable Laser Diode Operating at 1550 nm ● In-Fiber Bragg Grating ● Light Sources ● Optical Cross-Connects ● Optical Add-Drop Multiplexers ● DWDM and SONET

SONET/SDH, IP, ATM, WDM and DWDM Integration

Interworking Issues and Challenges ● Protection and Restoration ● Network Management and Service Delivery ● Mapping IP on SONET ● MPLS/GMPLS   ●QoS

DWDM Components and Architecture

DWDM Anatomy ● DWDM Impairments ● DWDM Optical Amplifiers ● DWDM Filter Modules ● Wavelength Converters ● Integrated DWDM Modules ●Modal Effects ● Scattering Effects ● Miscellaneous Effects

Synchronous Digital Hierarchy (SDH) (Optional)

Basic Rates ● Frame Structure ● Overhead Bytes ● STM-4, STM-16 and STM-64 ● Tributary Units (TUs) ● SONET and SDH Compatibility

SDH Overhead

Regenerator Section Overhead ● Multiplex Section Overhead ● Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3) ● Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1) ● SDH Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms ● SDH Error Performance Monitoring ● SDH Pointers ● Payload Pointers ● Positive Pointer Justification● Negative Pointer Justification ● SDH Multiplexing ● SDH Tributary Multiplexing ● Tributary Unit Group ● TU Multiframe ● TU Payload Pointer ●Automatic Protection Switching ● Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes ●1+1 Protection ● 1:N Protection

Digital Hierarchy (PDH)

Digital Network Synchronization ● Network Timing and Synchronization Concepts ● PDH Relationships and Network Elements ● Frequency Justification ● Limitations of PDH

SONET/SDH: Protocols and Concepts

Benefits and Features of SONET/SDH ● Evolution from PDH to SONET/SDH Plesiochronous Networks ● Building-Block Signals ● Unifying SONET and SDH● Frame Structures ● Overhead Functions ● SONET/SDH Rates and Architectures ● Details of Pointer Processing ● Pointer Adjustment, Positive and Negative Justification ● Pointer Errors

SONET/SDH Path Overhead and Payload Mappings

Compare and Contrast STS-1 SPE and AU-3 ●   Compare and Contrast STS-3c SPE and AU-4 ● DS-3 Mapping into STS-1 SPE and VC-3 ● E-4 Mapping into STS-3c SPE and VC-4 TUG-3 and TU-3 ● Virtual Tributary / Tributary Unit Group ● Pointers and Payload Mappings ● Tandem Connections ● ATM Cell Mapping ● Packet over SONET Mapping ● 10G Ethernet over SONET ●Limitations of Octet HDLC in High Bit Error Ratio (BER) Environments ●Simplified Data Link (SDL) Protocol

SONET/SDH Network Elements and Applications

Terminal Multiplexers (TMs) ● Functional Block Diagram of TMs ● Automatic Protection Switching (APS) ● APS Detail: ● Linear APS, 1+1, 1:n, 1:1, Bidirectional, and Unidirectional ● Revertive and Non-Revertive ● Meaning and Operation of K1 and K2 Bytes ● Add/Drop Multiplexers (ADMs) ●Functional Block Diagram of ADMs

Types of Rings, Ring and Span APS ● UPSR and BLSR, MS-USHR, Virtual Rings, SNCP, MS-SP Ring, and MS-DP Ring ● Limitations of TDM Rings and Methods to Resolve Them ● Digital Cross-Connects (DCCs) ● The Role DCCs in Rings, Meshes, and Virtual Rings ● Next Generation Digital Loop Carrier (NGDLC) ●Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexers (DSLAMs) ● SONET/SDH Interfaces on Switches and Routers

Synchronizing SDH and SONET

Evolution of Timing and Synchronization ● Virtual Container ● Regenerator Section Overhead ● Multiplex Section Overhead ● Higher-Order Path Overhead (VC-4/VC-3) ● Lower-Order Path Overhead (VC-2/VC-1) ●Anomalies, Defects, Failures, and Alarms ● Error Performance Monitoring●Pointers ● Payload Pointers ● Positive Pointer Justification ● Negative Pointer Justification

SONET/SDH Multiplexing

SDH Tributary Multiplexing ● Tributary Unit Group TU Multiframe ● TU Payload Pointer Automatic Protection Switching ● Multiplex Section Protection, K1/K2 Bytes ● 1+1 Protection 1:N Protection ● SONET/SDH Telecommunications Standard Primer ● SONET/SDH Multiplexing ●SONET/SDH Signal Hierarchy ● Network Generic Applications

SONET/SDH Multiplexing (cont’d)

Network Generic Applications: Equipment and Uses ● Cross-Connect Types ●Trends in Deployment ● Network Design ● SDH Timing Compensation ● SDH Network Management ● SDH Performance Monitoring ● SDH Synchronization