• Gasoline Product Specifications, Current and Future
• Components and Additives
• Blending Equipment and Software
• Blending Control and Optimization Techniques
• Blending Non-linear Property Correlation Equations
• Quality Assurance, On-line Analyzers and On-line Certification
• Environmental Issues
• Calculating Costs/Benefits of Blend Automation
• Blend Performance Monitoring and Troubleshooting
• References and Other Material

Refinery and unit operating personnel, Engineers with process responsibility, Refinery technical staff.

• INTRODUCTION TO BLENDING

         Types of Blending

• Sequential; Tank to Tank; In-Line Blending
• Linear vs. Non-Linear Blending
• SPECIFICATIONS, COMPONENTS, AND ADDITIVES
• Typical Specs (US, EU, World) for Conventional, RFG, Diesel
• Blendstock Components and Typical Properties
• Additives (Octane & Cetane Boosters, Detergents,
• PP Depressants…) and DyeLinear/Non-Linear Property Blending
• Component Interactions and Effects on Specs
• TYPICAL BLENDING EQUIPMENT AND SOFTWARE
• In-Line Blenders
• Dye and Additive Injection Systems
• On-Line Analyzers (Conventional, NIR, NMR, Raman) for Octane,

                     RVP, Dist, S, Cetane, CP, FP, CFPP, etc. & Typical Performance

• Remote Operated Equipment (MOV, Pumps, Mixers)
• Tank Gauging (Float, Servo, Radar) & Typical Performance
• DCS & Blending Software (Planning, Control,On-Line Optimization)
• HANDS-ON DEMOS OF BLENDING TOOLS (Using Your Computer)
• Linear MON and Cetane Index Calculators
• Linear & Non-Linear Blending Calculators
• Blending LP Gasoline Optimizer
• Comparing Linear/Non-Linear/Optimized Results

           THE BLENDING OPERATION CYCLE

• Types of Optimizers
• Typical Property Correlation Equations for Octane, RVP, Dist, Cetane, CP/PP, CFPP, Visc, etc.
• Planning of Blends / Generating Blend Orders
• Executing a Blend / Quality Control
• Blend Documentation
• QUALITY ASSURANCE
• Laboratory Measurements
•  ASTM Methods for Gasoline and Diesel
• On-Line Analyzers
• Advantages vs. Single Lab Analysis
• Improving Measurements with ASTM 2885/3764 Test Methods
• State-of-the-Art NIR & NMR Analyzers for Blend Control
• Criteria for In-Line Blend Certification
• CLEAN FUELS AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES
• EPA Complex (Emissions) Models
• Impacts of Upcoming USA and EU Regulations
• Phase Out of MTBE
• Ethanol Blending
• Sulfur Reduction with Tier 2
• Bio-Diesels
• Sulfur Test Problems and Contamination

           BENEFITS OF IN-LINE BLENDING

• Typical Benefits Study Content
• Benefits Calculation Methodology
• Inventory Reduction
• Quality Giveaway Minimization
• Use of Least Expensive Components
• Tank age Minimization

         OPEN FORUM Q&A SESSION

• Summary of Each Participant Blending Operation
• Exchanging Problems / Handling of Common Blending Problem

BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 75% of the total course duration.