Electrical Engineers, Electrical Technicians, Electrical Inspectors, Electrical Professionals & Supervisors, Instrumentation and Design Engineers, Maintenance Engineers, Supervisors & Technicians, Energy Management Consultants, Control Engineers & Technicians, Automation & Process Engineers, Chemical & Mechanical Engineers, Consulting Engineers, Field Technicians, Graduate Engineers, Project and Production Managers, Project Engineers, Electronic Technicians, Plant Managers, Process Control Engineers, System Engineers, System Integrators, Testing Engineers & Technicians, Power System Engineers, Power System Technicians, Utility Engineers, Managers & Team Leaders of Engineering Departments, Safety Professionals, Plant

Electricians, Facilities Engineers, Operations & Maintenance Engineers, Supervisors & Technicians, Project Engineers, Commissioning & Testing Engineers, Consulting Engineers, Electrical Technologists, Facility & Plant Managers

This interactive Training will be highly interactive, with opportunities to advance your opinions and ideas and will include;

• Lectures
• Workshop & Work Presentation
• Case Studies and Practical Exercise
• Videos and General Discussions

Power System Faults

• Different types of faults
• Incidence of faults on power system equipment
• Effects of power system faults
• Magnitude of fault current
• Detection of faults
• Clearance of faults
• Requirements of protective relaying systems

Components of Power System Protection Schemes

• Fault-detecting relays
• The transition from electro-mechanical relays to electronic and digital microprocessor-based relays
• Tripping relays and other auxiliary relays
• The application of programmable logic controllers
• Circuit breakers - bulk oil, air-blast, vacuum, SF6
• Current transformers
• Voltage transformers
• Modern microprocessor-based relays

Current Transformers (CT) and Voltage

• Various types of CTs, VTs and CVTs
• Theory and characteristics of CTs
• Application requirements of CTs for protective relaying
• Accuracy classifications
• Future trends in CT design using optics
• Testing of CTs and VTs

Feeder Overcurrent Protection

• Protective relaying requirements for radial systems
• Elements of feeder protection schemes
• High-set, low-set and inverse-timed elements
• Coordination with other devices and fuses
• Various types of overcurrent relays
• Electromechanical, electronic and digital relays
• Relay setting criteria
• Load limitations
• Testing of overcurrent protection schemes
• Microprocessor-based feeder overcurrent relays

Coordination of Electrical Protection Systems

• Fuse to fuse
• Circuit breaker to fuse
• Fuse to circuit breaker
• Computer software packages for protection coordination studies
• Auto-reclosing of circuit breakers
• Back-up protection
• Limitation of fault current
• Selective zones of protection

Switchboard and Bus Protection

• Types of bus protection schemes
• Basic concept of differential protection
• Application to various bus configurations
• Application to switchboards
• Testing of bus protection schemes

Motor Protection, Starting and Control

• Applicable motor standards
• Methods of starting
• Differential protection, phase unbalance, overcurrent
• Ground fault protection
• Canadian Electrical Code requirements
• Microprocessor-based motor control and protection devices

Transformer Protection

• Overcurrent and ground fault protection
• Application of differential protection to transformers
• Restricted ground fault protection
• Gas relays, pressure and gas accumulation
• Winding temperature and oil temperature devices
• Testing of transformer protection schemes
• Modern microprocessor-based multi-function relays

Generator Protection

• Differential protection
• Reverse power, stator ground, out-of-step, loss of field, field ground, over excitation, etc.
• Over-frequency, under frequency, overvoltage, under voltage
• Negative phase sequence or phase unbalance
• Voltage controlled and voltage restricted overcurrent protection
• Synchronizing systems, synchro-check relays
• Comparison of electro-mechanical and electronic relays
• Testing of generator protection schemes
• Microprocessor-based multi-function generator protection relays

Cogeneration and Non-Utility Generation (NUG) Protection

• Protection requirements for non-utility generating stations
• Requirements for the interconnection of NUGs to utility power systems
• Typical protection schemes for non-utility generators
• Low-cost microprocessor-based multi-function relays for small generators
• Breaker failure protection
• Testing utility tie protection schemes

Transmission Line Protection

• Interconnected systems with two-way flow of fault current
• Distance or impedance protection schemes
• Phase comparison protection schemes
• Communication channel requirements between terminals
• Coordination and transfer-tripping between terminals
• Modern microprocessor-based line protection relays

Capacitor Protection

• Application of static capacitors on power systems
• Description of protection schemes used
• Testing of capacitor protection schemes
• Microprocessor-based capacitor protection and controls relays

Recent Developments and Future Trends

• Digital relays
• Integrated microprocessor based systems for control, monitoring, and protective relaying
• Optical current transformers
• Fiber optic communications

BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing a minimum of 80% of the total course duration.

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