Course Details
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Course Description
Analytical instruments used for online chemical analysis of process streams or plant environments are generally called Process Analyzer Systems or Quality Measuring Instruments. Reliable online analytical data is crucial for a safe and efficient operation is not limited to the Oil & Gas and Chemical Industry but also for Pharmaceutical, Power Generation and other industries. Legislative requirements, economic as well as health and safety, emissions control and energy conservation are setting increasing stringent limits for reliable analyzer data which may result in huge losses or fines to the operating company.
For latter reasons it is obvious that sustainable optimum performance of online instrumentation, sample-handling systems and correct data handling is indispensable which requires continual professional attention from the analyzer engineers and maintenance staff.
To achieve optimal performance a thorough understanding of design and operating principles, possible interferences and practical skills are key requirements.
In this course complete analyzer systems are discussed while special attention is given to applied sampling systems next to the main types and principles of currently applied Process Analyzers ranging from Physical Properties, online Chromatography, Water type analysis to the promising future of Spectroscopic type of on-line analysis while advantages and disadvantages are clarified with the aim to enhance the understanding the operational ranges and limitations of each type of analysis system.
The Training Course Will Highlight ?
Training Objective
Target Audience
This course is intended for all who are regularly involved with Process Analyzer systems like Instrument Technicians and Engineers, Production, Operation and Laboratory staff.
Training Methods
Daily Agenda
PROGRAM - DAY 1
Section 01: Introduction to the world of QMI
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- Why Instruments,
- Where do we need it,
- What types are there,
- What is measurement,
- Measurement Standards,
- Traceability,
- Quality Assurance,
- Response related issues.
Section 02: Measurement Accuracy & Quality Assurance
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- Measurement Standards,
- Units & Systems,
- Introduction Quality Assurance,
- Traceability & Organization,
- Definitions Accuracy, Systematic Errors and Precision,
- Factors influencing Accuracy,
- Measurement Calibration procedure,
- Hysteresis Accuracy, Precision, Standard Deviation & Variance
- “Playing Darts”
- Repeatability and Reproducibility,
- Variability & Probability,
- Statistical Control & Normal Distribution,
- STD & Systematic Error,
- Control Chart Tool,
- Setting up a Control Chart for Performance Monitoring,
- Warning & Control Limits,
- Statistical Decision Rules
- Historical STD
- Reproducibility Rate
Section 03: Analyser Sampling System & Design
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- Off and online Sampling
- The 6 GOALS of optimal sampling
- How to deal with Pressure Drop?
- Important Practical Notes
- Compatibility issues
- Required Timely Response
- How to deal with ‘Dead-Legs’ and ‘Dead-Volumes’?
- Sampling Best Practices
- Summary of Sampling Design Steps
- Flow Profile
- Maintaining the sample temperature
- Essential function of a Sampling Probe
- Gas / Liquid Sample take-off configuration
- Main Calculations for Sampling System Design
- Fast Loop Design for Liquid sample
- Darcy Equation and Friction factor
- Sampling System Configuration options
- XL spreadsheet for design of sampling system
Section 04: Vaporization, Phase Diagrams & Fractionation
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- Significance and Definitions
- Vapor Pressure Properties
- Relation Boiling Point and Saturated Pressure
- Vapor Pressure Measuring Methods
- Phase Diagrams – Single and Multi-Component
- Different compositions of Vapor and Liquid
- Design related issues / recommendations
- Example of huge time delay in liquid sample design
- Vaporization of multi-component liquid
- Fractionation and spoiling of sample analysis
- Example of LNG Vaporizer development
PROGRAM - DAY 2
Section 05: Sample Filtration Methods and applied Tools for Conditioning / Analyzer Housing
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- Types of filtrations applied
- Blow-back feature
- Removing gas bubbles from liquid sample
- Fast Loop filtering system
- Coalescing filtration
- Analyzer House options
Section 06: Three Exercises concerning the Design of a Sampling & Conditioning System
Section 07: Discussion Answers 3 exercises
Section 08: Principles of Gas Chromatography
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- Introduction
- Combinations of GC and MS
- What is Chromatography
- Retention phenomena
- Separation factors
- Retention factor
- Types of Chromatographic columns
- Band broadening and column efficiency
- Theoretical Plate Model
- Temperature influence on separation
- Van ‘Deemter’ efficiency curve
- Selection of the type of carrier gas
- Peak Selectivity and Resolution
- Base line properties, Noise and LOD
Section 09: Types of GC Detectors and Peak Quantitation Methods
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- Thermal Conductivity Detector and measurement
- Flame Ionization Detector
- Dynamic Range of Detectors
- Application of Make-up gas
- Electron Capture Detector
- Flame Photometric Detector
- Detector and Relative Response Factors
- Integration Methods
- Analysis Data Processing
- Standard Calibration Methods
Section 10: Heating Value Measurements
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- Introduction Calorimetry
- Types of Calorimeters
- Determination of Heating Values
- Higher and Lower Heating Value
- Wobbe Index and CARI
- Online Wobbe Index analyzer
- NMR application
PROGRAM - DAY 3
Section 11: Oxygen Analysis
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- Main applied methods for Oxygen measurement
- Principle of Electrochemical cell
- Introduction to Combustion Control
- Stoichiometric ratio
- ZrO2 type Oxygen analyzers
- Operating principle ZrO2 analysis
- Nernst Equation
- Combustion possible interferences
- Paramagnetic type Oxygen analyzer
- Background gas interference
- Sampling and installation
- Magnetic wind type analysis
- Trouble shooting
- ‘LaserGas’ Single Path Oxygen analyzer
Section 12: Moisture Theory & Analysis Methods
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- Dew Point / Frost Point,
- Water Vapor properties,
- Dalton’s Law,
- Dew Point / Pressure relationship,
- Relative Humidity,
- Psychrometric RH measuring method,
- Moisture Analysis methods,
- SiO2 and AlOx sensors,
- Electrolytic type moisture sensor,
- Quartz crystal (Ametek) Moisture analysis,
- Chilled Mirror DP analysis,
- New Developments,
- Spectroscopic Moisture analysis,
- IR / NDIR Moisture analysis,
- Tunable Diode Laser Moisture sensor,
- Moisture Sample Conditioning.
Section 13: pH measurement
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- Reasons for pH analysis,
- Introduction to pH measurements,
- Construction of the glass measuring electrode,
- Types of pH electrodes and their application,
- pH measuring circuit,
- pH measuring principle and Nernst equation,
- Potentials present in a pH loop,
- Asymmetry potential,
- pH practical notes and Measuring Range,
- pH buffers and calibration conditions,
- pH -Temperature compensation clarification in relation to Process temperature,
- Conditioning, storage and Cleaning of pH sensors,
- Checking and Calibration of pH system,
PROGRAM - DAY 4
Section 14: Spectroscopic Analysis IR, UV and FTIR
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- Types of Spectral Absorptions
- Spectral Ranges
- Relation frequency and wavelength
- Diffraction methods
- Principles & Techniques applied
- Types of Spectroscopy
- Lambert Beer’s Law
- NIR spectrum
- Industrial Non Dispersive IR analysis
- UV analysis
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- FT-IR and FTNIR
- How are FTIR results obtained
- Practical Differences FTIR and IR
- Raman Spectroscopy
- Spectrometers for CEMS
- NMR application
ADDITIONAL OPTIONAL SUBJECTS, ONLY IF TIME IS LEFT ……..
Section 15: Conductivity & TDS measurement
Section 16: Density & S.G. measurements
Section 17: Turbidity, Hardness & TOC analysis
Section 18: Viscosity Theory & Measurement
Accreditation
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BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration
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