During this course, the attendees will learn the different aspects of Protection systems operation in safely manner without electrical interruption during any abnormal conditions:

• • Power system component
  • Electrical Power system faults
  • Provide Recommended Settings For Adjustable Trip Circuit Breakers And Relays.
  • To improve the skills of engineers involved in power systems operation and control
  • To teach control room operating engineers the precautions which prevent the occurrence of blackouts in power systems
  • To teach those field engineers the actions which should be performed to avoid that serious matter in future
  • To get an idea about load stabilization and voltage control technologies – The role of the presence of excessive numbers of induction motors in initiating such blackouts is to be outlined
  • Influence of cold inrush currents on such phenomena will be highlighted
  • Real and reactive power generation, their roles in supporting the grid and the importance of balanced loads across machines.
  • Power system automation during emergency cases
  • Load sharing and shedding criteria used for save the operation
  • Power system protection and dynamics
  • Will Increase Coordination (Selectivity) Between Devices.
  • Identify Deficiencies In System Protection.
  • Will Provide Recommended Solutions To Help Correct Your Problem Areas.
  • Reviews And Discussions On The Use Of Protective Devices With Respect To Electrical Code Requirements, And Appropriate ANSI/IEEE Standards
  • Power system protection component and configuration

This training course is suitable to a wide range of professionals but will greatly benefit for:

• • Electrical Engineers
  • Electrical Supervisors
  • Maintenance Technicians
  • Managers in-charge of Instrument Installations
  • Project Engineers

Training Methodology:

This interactive training course includes the following training methodologies as a percentage of the total tuition hours:

• 45 % Class room  Lectures
• PowerPoint
• Projector and white board
• 55 % In-Class exercise works and Practical Sessions (Simulation Software )
• Individual & Group Exercises
• Simulation by ETAP software
• Case Studies

Assessment Procedures

• 25 % will be done at the end of each lecture through attendance participation.
• 25 % will be done at the end of each lecture through end lecture revision.
• 50 % will be done at the end of all duration (Final Exam) By instructor and review of your company.

Day 1:

Module (01) Blackout Causes Overview

• • Pre-Assessment
  • Introduction to electrical network and its components
  • Electric networks topology
  • Power system network quality and stability
  • Normal and abnormal electrical parameters levels
  • Voltage levels.
  • Power factor.
  • Transients
  • Interruptions ( power failure )
  • Sag / Under voltage
  • Swell / Overvoltage
  • Waveform distortion
  • Voltage fluctuations
  • Frequency variations
  • Harmonic distortion
  • Load Different Voltage / Frequency
  • Hidden failure in electric power systems
  • Causes of Blackouts in power systems
  • Triggering Voltage Instability Leading to Blackouts
  • Blackouts In Power Systems
  • Modern power management systems
  • Electromechanical Energy Conversion 
  • Load sharing during abnormal conditions
  • Load shedding criteria and types
  • Electrical Spinning reserve
  • Load flow studies

Module (02) Voltage Instability Initiating Blackouts

• • General voltage profiel
  • Variation of voltage on load
  • Voltage control methode
  • Classification of Power Systems Stability
  • Aspects of Voltage Instabilities
  • State and Transient Voltage Instability
  • Voltage status during Short circuit
  • Voltage status during heavy load change
  • Causes of Voltage Instability
  • Loads Provoking Voltage Instability
  • Interrelation between Load Stability and Voltage Stability
  • Consequences of Voltage Instability
  • System Suffering from Voltage  Instability                                                                 

Day 2:

Module (03) Induction Motors Role in Triggering Blackouts      

• • Recap Day One
  • Induction Motor Characteristics During  Steady-State  Conditions
  • Induction motor start and efect on power system
  • Induction motor load Characteristics After Sudden Voltage Dips
  • Induction Motor Behavior  after opening  a  Circuit of Double Circuits Lines
  • Effect of Motor on Short Circuit Levels
  • Effects on Voltage  Stability
  • Short Circuits Recoveries at Induction Motor  Load  Terminals 

Module (04) powertransformer Role in Triggering Blackouts      

• • Power transformers
  • Faults of power Transformer and protection.
  • Isolating transformer purpose during short circuits
  • Electrical power transformer Voltage droop
  • Power transformer inrush current
  • Power transformer parallel operation
  • Power transformer Z%
  • Power transformer Vector
  • Online load tap changer Power transformer

Day 3:

Module (05) Blackouts Prevention by Generator and Network Voltage Control

• • Recap Day Three
  • Introduction to power generation
  • Generation transient stability
  • Generation capability curves
  • Generation units behavior during sudden loading and sudden rejection
  • Electric generation protection devices malfunction
  • Out of step protection side effect
  • Generators Parallel operation
  • Governor droop
  • Synchronizing AC generators
  • Control of power generators
  • Droop mode
  • IsoChrounous mode
  • Generators protection relays

Module (06) Power system Standby systems and Emergency source

• • Standby systems
  • Loads categorizing
  • Load calculations and diversity factors
  • uninterruptible power suppliers UPS
  • Online / offline UPS
  • Standby
  • Line Interactive
  • Standby-Ferro
  • Double Conversion On-Line
  • Delta Conversion On-Line
  • Diesel generators (operation , Selection ,startup with load)
  • Electric storage devices and batteries systems

Day 4:

Module (07) Blackouts Prevention Measures & Blackouts Prevention Means

• • Recap Day Three
  • Means of Voltage Stability Enhancement
  • Preventive Measures of Blackouts
  • Active power
  • Reactive power
  • Voltage
  • Reactive power control and method of reduction
  • Power factor improvement
  • Capacitors banks
  • Synchronous motors
  • Harmonic reduction
  • Filters
  • Type of load configuration
  • Phase shift transformer
  • Energy saving loads
  • Power Systems Operations and Planning 
  • Power system restoration process
  • Emergency response
  • Restoration switching program
  • Static VAR compensators
  • Flexible AC transmission Systems FACTS
  • HVDC Systems
  • Three-Phase load balancing- Harmonic suppression- power factor corrections
  • Voltage control
  • Power systems stabilizers Load
  • Frequency control

Day 5:

Module (08) Power System Restoration

• • Recap Day Four
  • Major aspects of system operation
  • Restoration tasks and related concerns
  • Plant preparation
  • Network preparation
  • Network energizing
  • System rebuilding
  • Return to normal- development to the restoration plan
  • SMART grid
  • End devices communication protocols
  • Optimal power flow (ETAP case study)
  • Recap all course
  • Post-Assesment
  • Training Evaluation & Certificates Awardness
  • General Course Recap
  • Final Assessment

BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration.

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