Course Details
Your Growth, Our Mission
Course Description
The Training Course Will Highlight ?
The participant should be able to:
- Explain the basic operation of a transformer as a main component in any electrical
network.
- Determine different shapes and designs of transformers.
- Discuss turns ratios and calculate terminal voltage and current.
- Discuss terminal markings and various single-phase and three-phase wiring schemes.
(WYE vs DELTA).
- Discuss the electrical testing performed on transformers such as insulation resistance
testing, excitation, and power factor testing.
- Discuss the various tests performed on insulating oil.
- Understand Safe and proper maintenance and troubleshooting procedures on power
transformers.
- Learn practical new solutions for specifying, operating, and maintaining power
transformers in a utility or plant environment
- Avoid costly errors from specifying the wrong transformer for your application and
from failing to recognize the importance of specifying the right core design
- Examine the possibilities of maximizing the efficiency and economic performance of
your transformer fleet
- Determine precise transformer specifications for every application
- Become familiar with what makes a power transformer tick
- Gain knowledge of both the underlying principles and practical applications of power transformers in today's competitive world
Training Objective
The participant should be able to:
- Explain the basic operation of a transformer as a main component in any electrical
network.
- Determine different shapes and designs of transformers.
- Discuss turns ratios and calculate terminal voltage and current.
- Discuss terminal markings and various single-phase and three-phase wiring schemes.
(WYE vs DELTA).
- Discuss the electrical testing performed on transformers such as insulation resistance
testing, excitation, and power factor testing.
- Discuss the various tests performed on insulating oil.
- Understand Safe and proper maintenance and troubleshooting procedures on power
transformers.
- Learn practical new solutions for specifying, operating, and maintaining power
transformers in a utility or plant environment
- Avoid costly errors from specifying the wrong transformer for your application and
from failing to recognize the importance of specifying the right core design
- Examine the possibilities of maximizing the efficiency and economic performance of
your transformer fleet
- Determine precise transformer specifications for every application
- Become familiar with what makes a power transformer tick
- Gain knowledge of both the underlying principles and practical applications of power transformers in today's competitive world
Target Audience
Engineers and technicians from the electricity supply industry - Engineering professionals from companies
Manufacturing, importing, and distributing Power and Distribution Transformers – Engineers and technical
personnel in power utilities, co-generation operators, petrochemical plants, and service managers of
buildings and hospitals. Participants need no specific requirements other than a basic understanding of
electricity and magnetism and circuit theory and general knowledge of the nature and operation of Power Transformers
Training Methods
This interactive Training will be highly interactive, with opportunities to advance your opinions and ideas, and will include:
- Pre-test and pro-test
- Variety of learning methods
- Lectures
- Case studies and self-questionnaires
- Small group work
- Discussion
- Presentation
Daily Agenda
INTRODUCTION AND BASICS
Introduction
Magnetic field
Magnetic and electric fields
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic induction
Generating electrical current
Three-phase system
Worldwide AC voltages and frequencies
Per-unit values
TRANSFORMER THEORY
Purpose
Scope
Types of transformers
Transformer applications
Magnetic circuit
Magnetic and electric circuits of a transformer
Winding, current and voltage ratios
Laws of transformer
Principle of operation of a transformer
Reflected impedance
Transformer equivalent circuit
Transformer losses
Efficiency
Why is transformer efficiency usually high?
Regulation
Transformer's voltage per turns
Significance of volts per hertz
TRANSFORMER CONSTRUCTION
Introduction
Core material
Core configurations
Transformer core types
Transformer windings
BushingsTank
Transformer tank fittings
POWER TRANSFORMER COOLING AND SEALING SYSTEMS
Introduction
Cooling arrangement
ONAN type cooling
ONAF type cooling
OFAF type cooling
OFWF type cooling
Gas insulated transformer
Comparison
Temperature gauges
Oil level gauge
Thermal time constant of power transformer
Power transformer sealing systems
Effect of oil expansion
Silica gel breather and moisture
TRANSFORMER PERFORMANCE
Nameplate data
Transformer parameters
Three-phase transformer
Auto-transformer
Transformer tap changer
Parallel operation
Maximum efficiency
Dry type transformer
Transformer noise
Permissible loading of oil-immersed transformers
Special transformers
TRANSFORMER POWER FACTOR AND HARMONICS
Introduction
Causes of low power factors
Known loads power factors
Annual power factor penalty
Unfavourable effects of low power factor loads
Capacitor price simple payback
Power factor improvement
Power factor improvement for power transformer
Transformer reactance
Capacitor sizes required to compensate the no-load reactive power of transformers
Voltage rise
Harmonics
WaveformUseful parameters
Sources of harmonics
Problems created by harmonics
Third harmonics generate large neutral currents
Third harmonic filter
Installation of THF in different networks
Active filter (power quality filter)
K-rated transformer
TRANSFORMERS PROTECTION
Transformer faults
Differential relays
Biased differential relays
Restricted earth fault protection
Over current protection
Overload protection
Gas-operated (Buchholz) relay
Sudden pressure relay
The internal fault detector
Explosion vents
Temperature indicator
Tank earth protection
OIL TESTING
Definitions
Functions of transformer oil
Transformer oil properties
Transformer oil standards
Hydrocarbon compounds in transformer oil
Moisture problems
Factors affecting transformer oil properties
o Cellulose degradation
o Oil dielectric strength test
o Relative water content test
o Physical & chemical tests (polar characteristics of oil)
o Dielectric loss angle & resistivity test (power factor test)
o Transformer dissolved gas-in-oil analysis (DGA)
o Oil colour test
o Insulating oil sampling procedure
o Oil purification and dehydration
o Yearly insulating oil testing
o Oil aging
Preventive maintenance procedures for transformer oil
TRANSFORMER TESTING
Test dataAbnormal operating conditions of power transformer
Reasons for transformer testing
Transformer performance assurance
Classification of transformer tests
Winding resistance test
Polarity test
Ratiometer test
No-load losses test
Load losses test
Percentage impedance voltage measurement
Leakage reactance measurement
Efficiency test
Winding insulation resistance test
Winding insulation capacitance & dissipation factor (tan δ) test
Sudden short circuit withstand test
Oil pressure test
Temperature rise test
Impulse testing
Transformer arrival: Handling, Inspection and Pre-Commissioning
TRANSFORMER DIAGNOSTICS AND MONITORING
▪ Safety
▪ Visual inspection
▪ Transformer diagnostics
▪ Transformer monitoring
▪ Transformer maintenance management
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