Upon the successful completion of this course, each participant will be able:

• To know the type of power capacitors
• To study the disadvantages and problems of poor power factor
• To know the methods of reactive power compensation
• To learn the standard values of power capacitors and how it can be tested and protected against resonance and over-voltages
• To know the Economic consideration for power factor correction & the harmonic problems
• To know how the harmonic problems can be solved
• To know how the capacitor bank can be controlled by microprocessor system

This program is designed for Electrical Engineers.

Day_1

Introduction:

• General Background.
• Power factor concept.
• Reactive power regulating devices.
• Generator exciter– capacitors – reactors – static VAR compensators.
• Shunt capacitors and their location and size to reduce losses in distribution.

Representation of Individual power System Components:

• The Overhead Transmission Line.
• Evaluation of Transmission Line Parameters.
• Underground and Cables.
• Shunt Elements.
• Series Elements.
• On load tap changing transformers.
• Power factor improvement of resistance welders.
• Power factor improvement of arc welding transformers.
• Power factor improvement for induction furnaces.

Day_2

Power factor test:

• The meaning of reactive power and active power.
• The meaning of compensation of reactive power, why is it necessary?
• The difference between shunt compensation and series compensation.
• The application of shunt capacitors and series capacitors.
• Shunt capacitors and shunt reactors.
• The optimum location and size used in power system.
• At what voltage levels are the shunt capacitors installed.
• Standard rating of capacitor units and capacitor banks.
• The methods of voltage-control in power systems.
• Economic of power capacitors.
• Synchronous condenser and static shunt compensator.
• Effect of reactive power flow on voltages.

Harmonics and source of harmonics:

• Diodes – Thyristors – Transformers.
• Elimination of harmonics.
• Filters, harmonic suppression.
• Star – Delta transformers.
• Problem caused by harmonics.
• Individual compensation.

Day_3 

Power factor correction calculation example.

• Measurement of power factor.
• The effect of shunt capacitors in distribution systems.
• Computer Results for sample networks.
• Selection of capacitor size and location to reduce distribution losses.
• Selection of standard capacitor units and capacitor bank.
• Rating of power capacitors.
• Saving in electrical energy and economic aspects in using shunt capacitors.

Design of an automatic power factor improvement unit.

Protective Relays and Protective Schemes:

• Introduction
• Protective Schemes.
• Low-voltage protection.
• Performance Check of Protective Relays and Measuring Equipment.
• Capacitor Protection.
• Protection against resonance.

Day_4

Earthing and bonding:

• Disadvantages of ungrounded systems.
• Types of grounding.
• Earthing transformers, current transformers, and voltage transformers.
• Safety Grounding.

Case Study-Discussion-Evaluation.

Power factor test:

• The meaning of reactive power and active power.
• The meaning of compensation of reactive power, why is it necessary?
• The difference between shunt compensation and series compensation.
• The application of shunt capacitors and series capacitors.
• Shunt capacitors and shunt reactors.
• The optimum location and size used in power system.
• At what voltage levels are the shunt capacitors installed.
• Standard rating of capacitor units and capacitor banks.
• The methods of voltage-control in power systems

Day_5

Modern Methods of Planning Power Distribution Systems and minimizing their Cost:

• Examine the operation and costs of power distribution systems.
• Reduce Costs and Maximize Reliability.

Modern Planning Methods and Computerized techniques

Examined for Practicality, data needs applicability, and accuracy.

Distribution System Design and Improvement.

Power factor correction calculation example.

• Measurement of power factor.
• Direct method.
• Indirect method.