(1) Introduction to chromatography
- Classification of separation process
- History of chromatography
- Types of Chromatography
(2) Fundamentals of chromatography
- Definitions
- Basic System Design
- Concept of Polarity
- Properties of Separation
- Physiochemical Processes of Separation
- Adsorption
- Partition
- Ion Exchange
- Size Exclusion
- Planar Chromatography
1- Paper Chromatography
2- Thin Layer Chromatography
- Overall Process
- Sample Preparation
- Storage and Preparation of Stationary Phase
- Sample Application
- Development of Chromatogram
- Detection and Visualization
- Qualitative Identification
- Quantitative Analysis
- Application
- Advantages and Disadvantages
(3) Gas Chromatography
- Objectives
- Definitions
- Introduction
- Principals
- Mobile and Stationary Phase
- Instrumentation
- Injection Methods and Derivatization Techniques
- Columns
- Detectors
- Recorders & Data Acquisition
- Maintenance and Quality Assurance
(4) Liquid chromatography
- Objectives
- Definitions
- Introduction
- Principals
- Component Parts
- Mobile Phase Reservoir
- Pumps
- Injectors
- Columns
- Detectors
- Recorders & Data Acquisition
- Systems
- Advantages and Disadvantages
- Maintenance and Quality Assurance
(5) SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS
- Properties of Supercritical Fluids and their mixtures
- Solvent Strength of pure Fluids
- Phase behavior
- Classifications of Phase Boundaries for binary Systems
- Polymers and Supercritical Fluids
- Dispersions in Supercritical Fluids
- Molecular Modeling of Phase behavior
- Experimental Techniques
- Process and Applications
(6) HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
- HPLC-Stationary Phase
- HPLC-Mobile Phase
- Ion-pair and Ion-Suppression
- Injectors
- Columns
- Detectors
- Recorders & Data Acquisition
(7) Out let manipulation
- Chromatogram
- The Effect of Relative Migration Rates and Band Broadening on Resolution
- Migration Rates of Solutes
- Partition Ratios in Chromatography
- Retention Time
- Relationship Between Retention Time and Partition Ratio
- The Rate of Solute Migration
- Selectivity Factor
- The Efficiency of Columns
- The rate Theory
- Quantitative Definition of Columns Efficiency
- Plate and Plate Height
- Kinetic Variables Affecting Band Broadening
- Theory of Band Broadening
- The Mass-transfer Coefficient
- Optimization of Column Performances
- General Elution Problems
(8) Application in hydrocarbon industry
(9) Routine Maintenance