Protective relay fundamentals
- Different types of faults
- The main idea of relays operation
- The basic requirements of protective relays
- Classification of relays according to their function of operation
- Classification of relays according to their time of operation
- Classification of relays according to their construction
- Current transformers
- Potential transformers
Types of relays
- Electromagnetic relays
- Static or electronic relays
- Digital relays
- Differential relays
- Over current relays
- Distance relays-Impedance relays, admittance relays and reactance relays
- Earth leakage relays
- Buchholz relay
- Directional relays
Generator Protection
- Faults in the windings protection
- Loss of excitation protection
- Motoring of generators protection
- Overload protection
- Overheating protection
- Over speed protection
- Unbalanced operation protection.
- Out of synchronization protection
- External faults protection
Transformer Protection
- Earth fault on a transformer winding protection
- Core faults due to insulation breakdown which sufficient eddy current to flow causing over heating protection
- Inter-turn faults occur due to winding flashover caused by line surges. protection
- Phase to phase faults protection
- Tank faults due to loss of oil which produces abnormal temperature rises protection
Bus –bar Protection
- Bus-bar Protection Techniques
- Interlocking Schemes
- Over-current Differential
- Percent Differential
Transmission line & Feeders Protection
Distance & Impedance protection