Electrical power engineers and advanced operating staff of substations, factories, electrical distribution networks and transmission.

This interactive Training will be highly interactive, with opportunities to advance your opinions and ideas and will include;

• Lectures
• Workshop & Work Presentation
• Case Studies and Practical Exercise
• Videos and General Discussions

Fundamentals of protection practice

• Protective gear
• Reliability , Selectivity ,Zones of protection , Stability and Sensitivity
• Primary and back- up protection
• Definitions and terminology
• Relay contact systems
• Operation indicators and *Worked example on using single line diagram and reading through it.
• Identify the different types of power system faults, causes & effects of power system faults, detection of faults and requirements of protective relaying system Current and voltage distribution in a system due to fault
• Effect of system earthing on zero sequence quantities
• Circuit breakers - bulk oil, air-blast, vacuum, SF6 , Current transformers and Voltage transformers

Over current and earth fault protection

• Co-ordination procedure
• Principles of time/current grading , Grading margin
• Standard I.D.M.T. over current relay
• Combined I. D. M.T. and high set instantaneous over current relay
• Very inverse over current relay
• Time / current characteristics , Earth fault protection
• Parallel feeders , Ring mains , Directional earth fault relays
• Distance Protection and Principles of distance relays  
• Relay performance
• the various types of current transformers & voltage transformers, application requirements of C.T.'s for protective relaying and accuracy classifications
• Standards of relay performance
• Relay types and their application
• Relay setting ,
• Bus-bar faults
• Protection requirements
• Differential protection using high impedance relays
• Location of current transformers
• Transformer and Transformer Feeder Protection
• Nature and effects of transformer faults
• Principles of transformer protection systems
• Generator and Generator-Transformer
• Earthing and earth faults
• Phase faults
• Inter-turn faults
• Winding protection
• Inter-turn fault protection of the stator winding
• Overload protection
• Electrical Schematic like reading, Trace Correct Drawing for each, Understanding Drawing Index and Back-up earth fault protection
• Power frequency over voltage
• Reading Settings from the Relay.
• Use of Secondary/Primary Injection Test Equipment.
• Different Types of Communication Cables used for each type of Relays.
• The proper coordination of electrical protection systems, bus protection Explain the application of differential protection to transformers, winding temperature and oil temperature devices & analysis of transformer oil for dissolved gases in relation to transformer protection
• The proper feeder over current protection, protective relaying requirements for radial systems, relay setting criteria, load limitations and testing of over current protection schemes

BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing a minimum of 80% of the total course duration.

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