Prerequisites: 

• Basic Electrical Engineering (Circuit Theory, Power Systems) 
• Knowledge of Electrical Safety 
• Introduction to Power Systems 

By the end of this course, delegates will be able to: 

1. Understand the role and functions of substations in power systems. 
2. Design and analyze the layout of electrical substations. 
3. Select appropriate equipment for substations, including transformers, breakers, busbars, and protection systems. 
4. Evaluate the technical and economic aspects of substation design. 
5. Apply safety protocols and regulatory standards in substation design and operation. 
6. Use modern tools and software for substation design and simulation. 
7. Understand the integration of renewable energy sources into substations. 

This course is intended for Electrical Engineers &Supervisors, who work in operation, maintenance, protection, control and analysis of Utilities & Industries Electrical Networks

• Pre-test and pro-test 
• Variety of learning methods 
• Lectures 
• Case studies and self-questionnaires 

Introduction to Power Substations 

• Definition and types of substations 
• Importance of substations in power systems 
• Components of a substation 
• Overview of substation design 

Substation Layout and Site Selection 

• Factors influencing substation location 
• Land, environmental, and regulatory considerations 
• Layout planning for high voltage, medium voltage, and low voltage substations 
• Space requirements for transformers, circuit breakers, busbars, etc. 

Substation Equipment 

• Power transformers and their ratings 
• Circuit breakers: Types and selection 
• Busbars and disconnectors 
• Surge arresters, isolators, and CTs/PTs (Current Transformers/Voltage Transformers) 
• Control panels and protection systems 

Electrical Design Principles 

• Voltage levels and current ratings 
• Fault current analysis 
• Short-circuit calculations and protection coordination 
• Substation grounding design 
• Redundancy and reliability in design 

Protection and Control Systems 

• Protection schemes for substations (e.g., distance, differential, overcurrent protection) 
• Role of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems in substations 
• Remote monitoring and control 
• Integration with grid protection systems 

Substation Safety Standards and Codes 

• Electrical safety protocols in substations 
• International standards (IEEE, IEC, ANSI, etc.) 
• Grounding and safety clearances 
• Grounding Resistance Measurement 
• Fire and explosion protection 
• Personnel safety (PPE, training, etc.) 

Power Quality and Environmental Considerations 

• Power quality issues in substations (e.g., harmonic distortion, voltage fluctuations) 
• Environmental impact assessment of substations 
• Noise and EMF (electromagnetic field) mitigation techniques 
• Compliance with environmental regulations 

Modern Technologies in Substation Engineering 

• Smart substations and digitalization 
• Renewable energy integration (solar, wind, etc.) 
• Battery energy storage systems (BESS) in substations 
• Use of IoT and AI for predictive maintenance 

Substation Design Software and Simulation Tools 

• Introduction to substation design software (AutoCAD, ETAP, DIgSILENT, etc.) 
• Electrical simulation and modeling 
• Load flow analysis, fault analysis, and transient stability 
• Hands-on sessions with design software 

Case Studies and Real-World Applications 

• Case studies of substations in different settings (urban, rural, industrial) 
• Analysis of failures and troubleshooting in substations 
• Integration of large-scale energy storage and electric vehicle charging stations 
• Future trends in substation design (e.g., modular and containerized substations) 

Exam/Final Assessment 

Written exam covering key concepts and calculation. 

BTS attendance certificate will be issued to all attendees completing minimum of 80% of the total course duration