By the end of this course delegates will be able to:

• An understanding of the new technologies of electrical equipment maintenance and monitoring.
• An understanding of the fundamental theory and principles of the construction and the operation of power transformers
• An insight into the identification and application of transformers’ types
• Knowledge of power transformer protection
• An understanding of power transformers oil and oil tests and interpretation of results
• Knowledge of the most effective power transformer electrical tests
• Skills in how to manage power transformer breakdowns to ensure minimum disruption
• An understanding of Instrument Transformers ( CT &VT) and its applications for measurements and protection
• An understanding of earthing system and electrical safety
• An understanding of Protection relays types, operation and maintenance
• An understanding of Circuit breakers types, operation and maintenance
• An understanding of Capacitor banks, cables and batteries types, protection and maintenance

NEW TECHNOLOGIES OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND MONITORING

• Approaches Based On Mathematical Models
• Partial Discharge
• Testing and Monitoring Solid Insulation of Electrical Equipment
• Insulation resistance test (IR)
• Megger test
• Polarization index test
• Dc hi-pot test
• Measuring insulation degradation
• Insulation Power Factor
• On Line Measuring Partial Discharge Activity For Insulation
• On-Line Monitoring Of Transformers
• Local Indications
• Thermography
• PDA - Partial Discharge Analysis
• Insulating Oil Properties and Tests
• Test for Dielectric Strength
• Water Content in Oil
• Acidity Test (Neutralization Number)
• Oxidation Inhibitor
• Interfacial Tension Test (IFT)
• Oil Color
• Oil Power Factor Test
• Recording Test Results

Insulating Oil Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA)

• Objective of Periodic Sampling and Analysis
• Drawing Oil Samples
• Dissolved Gas “Alert” Limits
• Rate of Change of Gas Concentration
• Frequency of DGA
• Release of CO2 and CO
• Fault Gas Release
• Release of Acetylene
• DGA Test Report
• DGA Trends
• Continuous Gas Monitoring

Optical cable Temperature Monitoring

• Understanding cable thermal behaviour after installation
• Distributed Fiber Optic Sensors
• Raman Distributed Temperature Sensors
• Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
• Features that allow DTS to work

INSTRUMENT TRANSFORMERS (CT &VT)

• Voltage Transformers Theory, Characteristics And Applications
• Installation Of Voltage Transformers
• Maintenance Of Voltage Transformers
• Current Transformers Theory ,Characteristics And Applications
• Equivalent circuit
• Errors (Ratio and Phase)
• AC saturation
• Selection of CTs
• CT magnetization curves
• Burden and Calculation of maximum impedance for current transformer　
• Precautions when working with CTs
• Ratings Of Current Transformers
• Installation Of Current-Transformers
• Testing of CTs and VTs

TRANSFORMERS

Transformer Fundamentals

• Transformer theory
• Transformers main functions and classification
• Operation of power transformers in a power system
• Transformer Types
• Power Transformers Earthing Systems
• Power Transformer Electrical Tests
• Ac Tests
• Power factor tests (Insulation, Oil, and Bushings)
• Single Phase Excitation Current Test
• Transformer Turns Ratio Test

Dc Tests:

• Insulation Resistance Test
• Dielectric Absorption Test
• Polarization Index Test
• Step Voltage Test
• Hi-Pot Test
• Preventative Maintenance On Power Transformers
• Power Transformer Oil And Oil Quality
• Power Transformer Protection

EARTHING SYSTEM AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY

• Equipment Earthing
• System Earthing
• Unearthed Systems
• Solid Earthing
• Resistance Earthing
• Reactance Earthing

Classification Of Supply / Installation System Earthing

Earthing Via Neutral Earthing Compensator

• Distribution Transformers
• Zig Zag Transformers
• Lightening Arresters
• Electrical Hazardous And Safety
• Touch And Step Voltage
• Effect of electric shock on human beings
• Sensitive earth leakage protection
• Arc Flash
• Arc Flash PPE
• Reducing Hazard by Design
• Reasons of Arc Flash Occurrence
• Main Characteristics of Arc Flash

PROTECTION RELAYS

Relays Basic Design Principles And Applications Electromechanical Relays

• Time – Over-current Relays
• Instantaneous Current –Voltage Relays
• Directional -Sensing Power Relays
• Polar Unit
• Distance Relays (Source Impedance Ratio)
• Directional Comparison Relaying
• Phase Comparison Relaying
• Ground Over-current Relays (Earth fault relays)

Transition From Electromechanical To Digital Microprocessor Based Relay

• Protective Relays Testing and Maintenance
• Introduction
• Electromagnetic Compatibility Tests
• Product Safety Type Tests
• Environmental Type Tests
• Software Type Tests
• Dynamic Validation Type Testing
• Troubleshooting
• Commissioning Tests
• Production Testing

CIRCUIT BREAKERS

• Arc Phenomena and Circuit Interruption
• Arc Phenomena and Circuit Interruption
• ARC EXTINGUISHERS
• Arc Control Techniques
• Arc Control Methods
• Breaking Capacity
• Duties of Switchgear
• Circuit Breakers types and its Fundamentals
• Importance of adequate H.V. Circuit-Breakers Testing and Maintenance
• Type Tests for High Voltage A.C. C.B.
• Routine Tests for High Voltage Circuit-Breakers :
• Safety precautions to be taken in maintenance of a circuit-breaker:
• Commissioning Tests :
• HV Circuit Breaker Routine Maintenance
• Acceptance and maintenance requirements For Low voltage CB